Unit8Benw09

It was meant to give us black people more rights. It gave them the right to vote and the right to citizenship to those once enslaved.
 * **Right after the Civil War, the 14th Amendment was ratified. What did the 14th Amendment provide for African Americans? What does “due process” and “equal protection of the laws” mean?** [|14th LINK]

**Unfortunately, your equal rights were challenged by the Supreme Court in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. What do you remember about the facts, decision, and impact of this case?** [|Plessy LINK] This case started when a black man sat in the "white section" of a railway car. He was rather light skinned for an african american, but he considered himself black to prove his point. Plessy challenged the law took the case all the way to the supreme court, and finally they ruled in favor of him, saying that "the constitution is color-blind" and should serve people of all races.

**The laws developed in the South became known as Jim Crow laws. Who was this Jim Crow fellow? Did he write the laws?**[| Jim Crow LINK] Jim Crow was a fictional character- the stereotypical, uneducated black man. It was a collective racial term for blacks and was considered offensive. He did all the african american stereotypes and white people thought it was funny.

The Jim Crow laws were terrible on us african americans. We had seperate schools, hospitals, prisons, we could not marry white people, we had seperate libraries, seperate rail cars on trains, even seperate windows and stairways to use in the state of Alabama! It prevented all of us from reaching higher up in society- the Jim Crow laws bound us in chains to the bottom of social society so the power could remain in the hands of the white people.
 * What are some specific examples of the Jim Crow laws from southern states? How did the laws affect you?** [|Jim Crow Laws LINK 1] / [|Jim Crow Laws LINK 2] / [|Jim Crow Laws LINK 3]

Jim Crow america had seperate everything for african americans. If there was a movie theatre, one would be white, one would be black. Even schools in many states were segregated. Lynching was a common occurence, and the cruelty towards the african american race was alarming. Any image that shows an object marked for "white" usage (such as a water fountain) and a "colored" object, which was almost always in poorer condition.
 * What did Jim Crow America look like in the 1900s? What are some images that can help explain the realities of the time?** __Jim Crow Images LINK 1 __/ [|Jim Crow Images LINK 2]

In this case, nine black youths were falsely accused of raping two white women in Alabama. They were hitching a ride on a train, and after a fight broke out with the white hobos on the train, two women dressed as boys accused the black youths of raping them (even though there was no connection between them). They were convicted by an all white court, and eight of the nine boys charged were sentenced to death.
 * What happened in the Scottsboro Case? How did it make you feel as an African American in the South?**[|Scottsboro LINK]

**What do some of your friends and family say about life in Jim Crow America? (listen to one or two)**[|Audio History LINK 1]

group of parents in Kansas decide to fight for un-segregated schools in Topeka, people in other states have begun fighting for the same thing, and the case went to the supreme court in the brown vs. topeka board of education case
 * BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES (more than one) (check video, [|Link 1], [|Link 2], [|Link 3])**

those who supported integration said that the 14th amendment did not allow segregation, did not specify whether states could have segregated schools, and there are negative psychological effects on young african americans from segregation
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check [|Link 1])**

those who supported segregation said that the constitution did not require whites and blacks to go to the same schools, social seperation of whites and blacks was a regional custom, segregation was not harmful, and that blacks were difficult to educate on the same level
 * <span style="color: rgb(200, 25, 25);">MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check [|Link 1])**

justices were at first divided in opinions due to differing temperments and social ideals, but when president Eisenhower appointed a new supreme court justice(Earl Warren), which swung the vote
 * <span style="color: rgb(200, 25, 25);">THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check** [|**Link 1**]**)**

the court decision ruled in favor of brown- it stated that segregation had detrimental effects of the psychological health of young african americans, and that //in the field of public education//, blacks and whites (and all races, for that matter) should have equal rights
 * <span style="color: rgb(200, 25, 25);">THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check** [|**Link 1**] **and Link 2)**

<span style="color: rgb(200, 25, 25);">**ENFORCING THE DECISION <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check [|Link 1] **<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**)** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">segregationists took advantage of the fact that the supreme court mentioning "with all deliberate speed" to organize resistance and defiance, and many southern white supremacists picketed and protested. This exposed a deep divide in the nation, and showed the difficulty of enforcing the surpreme court's decision

african americans proved they were willing to fight for their rights, and this case sparked broader campaigns of social justice all across the country ||
 * THE IMPACT and LEGACY** **(Check** [|**Link 1**]**)**